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Author Topic: Heat management ?  (Read 367 times)

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Offline Tristan

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Heat management ?
« on: November 08, 2013, 03:13:25 pm »
Guys , any of you clued up on thermodynamics and knowledge of heat management ? 

I'm curious as to whether coolant rads lose heat better if shiney silver , or black?
Also inlet plenums.. Black or shiney? For example, an ally one do you polish it or paint it black, a carbon one do you lacquer it or paint it white?

Also coolant hoses? Using lengths of stainless, instead of all rubber, just leaving rubber connections to the head/block/rad etc, is that better to lose excess heat?

Lastly, inlet mani and head, shiny or dark?

A lot of wuestions, all opinions appreciated, the Rally Ka runs hotter than I'd like!

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Offline Tonyb

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #1 on: November 08, 2013, 06:53:12 pm »
Common thinking says matt black for heat dissipation but of course you have to think in reverse most of the time as your trying to get the heat out.

If you leave something in the sun black things will get far hotter than white things but that is suns heat which is a low level radiation  I would think. Working on the same theory you would imagine if you have a hot liquid in side something (say a radiator) the heat inside would be attracted to the black paint on the outside making the surface hotter than if it were plain aluminium finish. If you use a silver/white finish you would imagine the revers is true, i.e. the heat would stay in as the heat would see the back of the finish which would be similar to the outside.

This of course then makes the area around the part hotter with it's own issues but that is about getting cool air in and used it to move the heat out.

Exhausts are generally wrapped to stop the heat getting out. Exhaust wrap is generally light in colour, you would imagine to reflect the heat back in. I can only assume the current black wrap that custom bikes use in for aesthetic reasons. I believe that keeping the manifold hot increases exhaust gas speed so whilst the manifold may get very hot form a performance point of view this is good. That said you don't see F1 cars with wrapped manifolds. Maybe they use ceramic coatings to do the same. RobT has experience of this and I know he gets his manifolds ceramic coated, I assume that isn't just for looks as I know it is expensive.

Well thats a couple of thoughts on the subject.

Offline RobT

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #2 on: November 09, 2013, 09:14:02 am »
I like this subject, raced 2stroke bikes for many years and heat management was exerything.

Black rads, inside snd outside, are better to radiate heat. But the design is probably more critical, especially the fin vortices, fin count, and effective ducting. And need to keep fins in good condition with no crap in there.

Re inlet manifold, as this is bolted to a big heat source, the head, conduction heating is most significant. I have a phenolic insulator gasket between the head and my tbs to try and reduce heating of inlet tract. I suppose you could polish the outside to try and reflect engine bay heat. For a boosted engine, maybe black inside and out would be an idea to reduce intake air heat.
2008 Audi A6 2.0TDI S-Line
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1996 Seat Ibiza 16V F1.5 Race car

Offline RobT

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #3 on: November 09, 2013, 09:19:42 am »
My exhaust manifold is ceramic coated 4 layers inside and out. As tony said, this is to keep the gas hot, low viscosity, to speed its removal from the car. Wrc cars insulate the whole exhaust and i heard a story of mcraes focus setting fire to a marshalls trousers as he walked past the tailpipe.

Coolant hoses are a minor thing i would suggest.

Use of ceramics on head and pistons is an interesting one. You want to turn as much burn energy into piston motion as you can, and heat loss is energy loss. So you would think insulate everything....But.......if you do this, detonation can result. So i have never gone down this route with a race engine for uk use. Desert racing with low revving chugger engines is another matter....

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1996 Seat Ibiza 16V F1.5 Race car

Offline Tristan

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #4 on: November 09, 2013, 10:59:26 am »
Cheers Rob , it was your topic on the waterpumps reminded me of this .

Is your exhaust coated all the way to the head? I'd heard that's a major no-no! Aparently heat soak back into the head has caused everything from warpage to valve seats falling loose! Haven't seen it myself , just what I've read on it , most;y from Guy croft , ex Hart Racing engineer.

http://www.guy-croft.com/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=759

Offline RobT

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #5 on: November 09, 2013, 11:55:06 am »
Yep - coated all way to head, including 10mm thick stainless flange - as per recommendations of my engine man with many 2.1 / 2.2 turbo valvers making 500+hp. Seems ok to me.
2008 Audi A6 2.0TDI S-Line
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Offline Brian.G

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #6 on: November 11, 2013, 03:52:36 am »
Nice topic....

After a lot of studies on another contract involving heat sinks on cpus(fanless) the general consensus and testing proved that bare/silver was the best. (Cpu heat sinks is what you should be reading about in this case as maximum cooling is needed and always in the smallest possible space(laptops, pads, etc)

For the simple reason that no easy to do/affordable black coating was possible  without slowing heat transfer at the metal/black coating interface. Nearly all coatings slowed the heat transfer bar one or two which were uber expensive and which I cant remember the names of(Ill find out - not off the shelf gear)
The two that were expensive were loaded with copper powder and a silver loaded conductive paint. The black colour came from graphite talc - also in the mix.
After many many thousands of dollars, they found/went with a light bead blasted alloy finish.

For anyone wondering if the above was aimed at mass production - initially it was not. The testing was done with just 5 heat sinks.

The bead blasting increased the surface area of the extruded profiles something like 13%, which helped with the cooling too, as well as doing away with the mirror(ish) surface.
Laser blasting further increased the surface area to a finer pit size and also changed the colour to black. On comparing both lasered samples black - and desmutted(silver colour again) the silver one did better since the pits were deeper once the smut was evacuated.

Another thing to look at is F1 radiators - cross-sectional area vs cooling vs drag is paramount with these and Ive yet to see a black one I think.
Or the skin of the sr71 - this has a coating both to disguise in the night sky, protect from radar, and emit heat better. The coating is hard get info on, but it has a very fine pitted surface(more area) and is applied onto an already corrugated surface(for expansion) This coating was super dooper uber and nobody really knows anything about it. The skin gets further cooled by pumping the fuel around under it.

As mentioned by Rob - design and layout is more important than anything.

Beat blasted copper or beryllium copper would be better than aluminum but cost gets crazy. Or diamonds - the best conductors!

Whatever you do dont black anodize - the anodize coating is and acts as a ceramic type layer and hurts performance a good bit.

For the manifold, get some gold film and stick it to anywhere hot air from the rad is likely to blow - an insulating spacer helps too, but some heads are thermally sim'd @ time of design with the intake acting as a soak. And Im told can warp if you space off the manifold. I find this hard to believe though and certainly so if it comes as standard with a glass-filled nylon manifold - obviously!

Carbon manifold - gold film(its not that dear)
Alloy manifold - polish/gold film
Head - pitted cast surface will give highest cooling area
Rad - hard do a lot with these, but extrude hone to rough up internally, externally, light bead blast.

Personally, I wouldnt worry about any parts bar maybe keeping the intake cool.
If its running mega hot, fit a bigger rad, or pump the water around faster(or slower - thats a tricky one to figure) or duct in and out better.(wheel arches are normally low pressure and a good exit)

Lots of boring info there, if ya want thermo calcs thick and heavy shout,

Brian,





« Last Edit: November 11, 2013, 03:58:37 am by Brian.G »

Offline Tristan

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #7 on: November 11, 2013, 09:20:31 am »
So get a clean rad, and soak it in a good low ph solution?

Offline Smudge

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #8 on: November 11, 2013, 10:09:09 am »
Invaluable information Brian. I was talking to Jason about colours and he suggested i dont paint my manifold black for heat management reasons, I was going to paint my entire manifold black for aesthetics. :D  ::) I have painted the lower halve black already, on the dyno the black portion was considerably hotter than the bare alu part. (Other factors do come into this also, one being the part is touching the head etc..).

Anyway, it was enough of a difference for me to change tack, the plenum will be polished to reflect the heat and the runners are going to be painted silver (aesthetics also play a part for me, unpainted the runners look a little rough and I'm not going to spend time polishing those, would be a very time consuming process!).

See my MK2 Golf 16v in the members section.


Offline JMR

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #9 on: November 11, 2013, 06:14:50 pm »
Good thread chaps keep at it!

Yes Tom...."Tom...why is your inlet manifold black"?!...."err...."lol!!

Some nice silver will sort that.

I've been told thermal spray coatings are fairly simple to apply once a flame gun is sourced...Brian?...a supplier was trying to get me details, I must chase them up.

Offline Tristan

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #10 on: May 14, 2014, 11:07:08 pm »
thread revival! Any more thoughts?

Offline JMR

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #11 on: May 15, 2014, 08:59:38 pm »
Inlet manifolds should be silver at least ..polished won't hurt, ceramic coated better...an radiated heat in the inlet is bad news. Ceramic coating an exhaust manifold is good too...nicer looking and longer lasting too than heat wrap.

We should have a 16v catch up Tris...

Offline smellyermaa

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Re: Heat management ?
« Reply #12 on: May 19, 2014, 11:52:50 pm »
The way I read Brian's post, any coating is bad news if you're trying to radiate the heat out  (including paint... paint weighs a bit anyway) but if you're trying to keep heat out rather than let it out... coatings are good?

So... on a 16v lump or 8v X-flow bottom half of the inlet is next to the cylinder head  heat source... so I guess light bead blasting and a heat shield to keep the radiated heat off... top half should be about keeping heat out... ceramic coat and let that lovely cold air rush in? Again, if it's near the radiator does a heat shield provide better results than coating - my 'logic' is that by the time the heat gets to the coating it's already 'in contact' with the component you're trying to keep cool. Coating + heat shield could be the best option...
 
Another option might be to get heat out of the front of the bonnet via a vent at the front, in the low pressure area behind the leading edge of the bonnet, and just behind the slam panel/radiator? Depends on the space constraints with the particular car and engine though.

 

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